During reduction of RAP, preglomerular arteries are dilated at higher RAP than are afferent arterioles.

Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increase in the number of renin-containing cells in both the afferent arterioles and the interlobular arteries.

Apelin administration caused vasorelaxation of angiotensin II-preconstricted efferent and afferent arterioles as shown by an increase in their diameter.

Glomerular lesions of FSGS were associated with unusual hyaline lesions, which appeared to represent individual myocyte necrosis in afferent arterioles and small arteries.